Semax

About Semax

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide, an analogue of fragment 4–10 of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) with an added Pro-Gly-Pro sequence. Attaching Pro-Gly-Pro to the C-terminus shields the molecule from rapid peptidase cleavage — the bare ACTH(4–10) fragment survives only seconds in plasma.

How it works

In research, the principal mechanism is thought to be increased expression of neurotrophic factors — chiefly BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and NGF (nerve growth factor) — via CREB-dependent transcription and activation of TrkB receptors. This triggers intracellular cascades (MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt) linked to neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Models additionally describe modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, while the Pro-Gly-Pro fragment slows enzymatic degradation, prolonging its action compared with the unmodified ACTH fragment.

What's studied / benefits

• In animal studies it raises levels of BDNF, NGF and GDNF in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which is associated with neuroplasticity and neurogenesis
• Demonstrates neuroprotective properties in models of cerebral ischaemia — reducing neuronal damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis
• In preclinical models of chronic stress it prevents the decline in BDNF expression and the development of depression-like behaviour
• In observational clinical data it is associated with improved attention and short-term memory and with EEG changes indicating enhanced cortical information processing
• Modulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response, stress reaction and cellular repair

Research applications

• Studied as a neuroprotectant in models of ischaemic stroke and cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion
• Investigated as a nootropic — its effect on attention, information-processing speed, learning and memory
• Its role in the expression of neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF) and in supporting neurogenesis is being studied
• Considered in the context of oxidative stress and potential applications in neurodegenerative processes (models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease)

Of interest to: It typically appeals to researchers in neuroscience and pharmacology, as well as biohackers and enthusiasts of cognitive compounds who study nootropic and neuroprotective peptides.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Semax is intended for laboratory research use only — not for human consumption, medical or diagnostic use.